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The French King Prepares for Battle
On Sunday morning, the French king, eager to confront the English, began his day with mass in his pavilion. His four sons were with...
The Black Prince Approaches Poitiers
On that Saturday, the Black Prince and his army rode from morning until night, covering a long distance. By the end of the day,...
Uncertainty and Shortage Among the English
As the Black Prince and his army moved forward, they were unsure of the exact location of the French forces. They feared that the...
The Authority of the Patriarch’s Later Testimony
The details given in the patriarch’s later letter are, it is true, not fully in agreement with what he had written earlier in Ancient...
Clarifying the Meaning of the Patriarch’s Statement
At first sight, the language used by Patriarch Constantius seems to have only one possible meaning. It appears to say clearly that the ancient...









